ISLAMABAD: Forty days of war. That is the backdrop as diplomats and the media arrive in the capital for the Islamabad Talks, bringing a language all their own. Words like “mediator,” “facilitator,” and “ceasefire” are already filling the coverage. While they may sound interchangeable, they are not. Here's a look at the words readers are likely to see more of in the coming days.

A “mediator” actively shapes outcomes, drafting proposals, pressing both sides and steering talks toward agreement.

A “facilitator” does something quieter: it creates conditions for talks to happen without prescribing where they should land. A country offering its good offices goes further still, lending only its prestige to bring rivals into the same room, then stepping back entirely.

Running alongside all of this, usually invisible to the public, is "backchannel diplomacy": unofficial contacts where discussions happen and the outlines of a deal are sometimes sketched.

Then there is the process itself.

“Talks” suggests an early, exploratory stage. “Dialogue” implies something more sustained; a deliberate effort at mutual understanding, even if no deal is imminent. “Negotiations” is somewhat loaded, implying structure, a concrete goal, and genuine give-and-take.

Then there are words used to describe a halt in fighting. A “truce” is informal and usually short-lived. A “ceasefire” is broader — an agreement to stop hostilities — but it suspends a conflict rather than ending it. That would happen after a “treaty” is formally agreed and signed.

At the far end of the diplomatic spectrum sit “normalization” and “reconciliation,” words that are often conflated but describe very different things.

“Normalization” is a transaction between governments: embassies reopened, trade resumed. “Reconciliation” is harder and slower: the rebuilding of trust between people.

None of this vocabulary is accidental. When a country calls something a “dialogue” rather than “negotiations,” it is managing expectations. When analysts reach a “stalemate” rather than an “impasse,” they are making a quiet judgment about how much room for movement remains.

In diplomacy, the words chosen to frame a process are themselves part of the process.

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Words matter: The vocabulary of peace