ISLAMABAD: Pakistan's National Institute of Health (NIH) has issued a nationwide advisory warning of a sharp rise in seasonal influenza cases, particularly Influenza A (H3N2), ahead of the expected winter flu season.

According to the advisory issued on Dec. 15, a new genetic subclade of Influenza A (H3N2), known as Subclade K, has emerged globally and is spreading rapidly across several World Health Organization regions, including South East Asia. Health authorities report that H3N2 currently accounts for nearly two-thirds of all Influenza A cases detected in the area.

NIH officials say Pakistan is also witnessing a significant increase in influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases. Surveillance data shows more than 340,000 suspected ILI cases reported nationwide between epidemiological weeks 44 and 49, with 12% testing positive for H3N2.

The advisory has been issued to alert provincial health departments, hospitals, and healthcare institutions to strengthen preparedness measures, as outpatient and inpatient departments are expected to face increased pressure in the coming months.

Health experts warn that while seasonal influenza is often mild, H3N2 can cause severe illness, especially among high-risk groups. These include elderly individuals, young children, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases, immunocompromised patients, and those who are overweight or obese.

NIH has urged the public to adopt preventive measures such as frequent handwashing, following respiratory etiquette, avoiding crowded places when ill, and seeking timely medical care if symptoms worsen. Individuals experiencing flu-like symptoms have been advised to stay home to prevent the spread of the virus.

The advisory also emphasizes vaccination as the most effective way to prevent severe influenza. The World Health Organization has recommended a trivalent influenza vaccine for the 2025-26 season, which includes protection against H3N2. Vaccination is strongly advised for healthcare workers and high-risk populations.

For severe cases, particularly those requiring hospitalization, early antiviral treatment with oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is recommended to reduce complications and duration of illness.

NIH has further instructed health facilities to enhance surveillance for influenza-like illness and severe respiratory infections. Hospitals have been directed to promptly report cases and send respiratory samples to designated influenza sentinel laboratories for testing.

The advisory has been circulated to all provinces, healthcare regulatory bodies, major hospitals, and district administrations, with instructions to implement the recommended preventive and control measures immediately.

Health authorities have called for public cooperation, stressing that early detection, vaccination, and responsible behavior can significantly reduce the impact of the flu season.

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NIH issues advisory as H3N2 influenza cases rise across Pakistan