Faraz Saeed

Every year in Pakistan, Budget Day arrives with familiar chaos spreadsheets, IMF targets, political claims, TV debates, and then the Finance Minister stands up in Parliament and delivers a speech full of numbers most people forget within minutes. But here&#39;s the real question, what is this budget actually saying about your life? Let&#39;s break it down. First, what is a budget? &nbsp; &nbsp;At its simplest, a budget is the government&#39;s annual financial plan. It tells you how much money is budget is coming in and how much is going out and how the gap will be filled. Think of it as a national household budget, except the household is a country and the gap is usually covered by borrowing, because in Pakistan&#39;s case, spending often exceeds income, and that is where the story begins. The three questions behind every budget. Before the jargon, keep this in mind. How much is the government earning? &nbsp; &nbsp;How much is it spending? And who is paying the difference? Everything else is just detail. Now, let&#39;s decode the language. The language of Budget Day. You&#39;ll hear these words repeatedly. Hadaf is equal to targets. Takhminai is equal to estimate. Andazan, approximately. Dramat, imports. Zaraat, agriculture. Mulki, defense. &nbsp; And remember, Arab is billion. Kharb is trillion. That alone makes the speech easier to follow. What actually matters on Budget Day. You don&#39;t need every detail. Just track this. How much is being collected in taxes? How much is being spent? How big is the deficit? How much is going to debt? What&#39;s happening to inflation? What&#39;s happening to growth? Who is getting taxed and who is not? First thought, a budget is often presented as an economic document, but it is more than that. It is a list of priorities disguised as numbers. Every Rupee spent shows what matters. Every Rupee tax shows who pays for it. And once you see that clearly, Budget Day is no longer confusing. It becomes a story.

Economy

Every year, Pakistan's Budget Day floods us with jargon and targets. But behind the spreadsheets lies a simple story about who earns, who spends, and who pays the difference as described by Pakistan TV digital reporter, Faraz Saeed.

What Pakistan's budget actually means for your wallet

Web Desk

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan is seeking to establish a sustained presence in China&rsquo;s domestic capital markets after successfully completing its inaugural Panda Bond issuance, Finance Minister Senator Muhammad Aurangzeb said Friday in Beijing. Addressing the inaugural Panda Bond Issuance Ceremony at the Embassy of Pakistan in Beijing, Aurangzeb described the transaction as &quot;far more than the completion of a financial transaction,&quot; saying it marked &quot;the beginning of a new chapter in Pakistan&rsquo;s economic and financial engagement with China in the context of international capital markets.&quot; <div class="fr-embed"><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="display: flex; max-width: 550px; width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-1" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" style="position: static; visibility: visible; width: 550px; height: 696px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;" title="X Post" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-1&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=2055235741668852144&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fmain.d1wrm1qseko1cp.amplifyapp.com%2Farticles%2F&sessionId=9a4935cb81f782164d64a139f9a69f4d32c243db&theme=light&widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&width=550px"></iframe></div></div> Pakistan raised 1.75 billion yuan ($250 million) through the three-year fixed-rate bond, its first sovereign yuan-denominated issuance in China&rsquo;s onshore market, which officials said attracted subscriptions exceeding five times the amount offered. &quot;The debut issuance of CNY 1.75 billion experienced an overwhelmingly positive response, was over-subscribed by five times, and closed at a coupon rate of 2.5%,&quot; Aurangzeb said. The finance minister said Pakistan had established a 7.2 billion yuan Panda Bond program following two years of engagement with Chinese regulators, financial institutions, development partners and market participants. &quot;Our goal was clear: to establish Pakistan&rsquo;s long-term presence in the Chinese capital markets and to create a sustainable platform for future sovereign issues,&quot; Aurangzeb said. The issuance marks Pakistan&rsquo;s first entry into China&rsquo;s domestic bond market and forms part of Islamabad&rsquo;s broader strategy to diversify external financing sources beyond conventional dollar-denominated borrowing. &quot;We have previously accessed the Eurobond market, US markets, and Islamic Sukuk markets, but accessing the Chinese capital market, the second largest and second deepest capital market in the world, was long overdue,&quot; the minister said. Aurangzeb said the transaction reflected growing confidence among Chinese institutions and investors in Pakistan&rsquo;s economic reforms and macroeconomic trajectory. &quot;This achievement is far more than the completion of a financial transaction; it reflects trust, partnership, innovation, financial collaboration, and our shared commitment to sustainable development and regional connectivity,&quot; he said. Pakistan became the first South Asian country to issue a Panda Bond, a milestone Aurangzeb linked to the growing maturity of economic cooperation between Islamabad and Beijing as the two countries mark 75 years of diplomatic relations. The minister said proceeds from the issuance would support sustainable development initiatives, including projects in water, social infrastructure and education, describing the transaction as Pakistan&rsquo;s first sustainable green Panda Bond. Speaking on the economy, Aurangzeb said Pakistan was witnessing &ldquo;renewed stability, disciplined reforms, and forward-looking transformation,&rdquo; citing improvements in inflation, foreign exchange reserves, fiscal consolidation and external-sector stability. He also reaffirmed Pakistan&rsquo;s commitment to the International Monetary Fund reform programme, saying adherence to fiscal and structural reforms had strengthened market confidence and macroeconomic foundations. Aurangzeb said the government intended to expand its engagement with Chinese capital markets following the strong response to the debut issuance. &quot;This achievement is only the beginning,&quot; he said. &ldquo;We were always clear that we were not here for just one single trade.&quot; &quot;The overwhelming response, being five times oversubscribed, has guided us to issue the RFP for the next tranches right away,&quot; the minister added.&nbsp; &quot;We want to be regular issuers in the Chinese capital markets.&quot;

Finance minister says the oversubscribed issuance reflects investor confidence in Pakistan’s economic reforms, with authorities planning future yuan-denominated bond sales to expand financing sources and strengthen long-term access to Asian capital markets.

In Beijing, Pakistan declares Panda Bond ‘beginning of new chapter’

ISLAMABAD: Chinese industrial e-commerce giant IBI Beijing United Technology&#39;s President&nbsp;Qian Xiaojun&nbsp;said that establishing Digital Economy Headquarters in Pakistan would serve as a command center for digital transformation and provide significant opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises. In a meeting with Pakistan PM Shehbaz Sharif on Friday, Xiaojun said that the Digital Economy Headquarters in Pakistan would help connect&nbsp;the small and medium-sized enterprises in Pakistan with the Chinese market.<div class="fr-embed"><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="display: flex; max-width: 550px; width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" title="X Post" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=2055176373405450512&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fmain.d1wrm1qseko1cp.amplifyapp.com%2Farticles%2F&sessionId=2f7d50b64432d66d7196b2a1892872b2a552a726&theme=light&widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&width=550px" style="position: static; visibility: visible; width: 550px; height: 721px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;" data-tweet-id="2055176373405450512"></iframe></div></div>Pakistan launched the IBI Pakistan Digital Economy Headquarters in Islamabad on May 14. This is an integrated platform under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) focused on trade facilitation, supply chain digitization, and SME empowerment. A statement from the Prime Minister&#39;s Office said that an 11-member delegation, led by Xiaojun called on the prime minister at the Prime Minister&rsquo;s House in Islamabad. PM Sharif welcomed the high-level Chinese business delegation and reaffirmed Pakistan&rsquo;s commitment to strengthening economic and digital cooperation with China. The PM said Pakistan and China enjoy historic ties and remain all-weather strategic cooperative partners. He praised the remarkable development achieved by China under the leadership of Xi Jinping and said he was looking forward to his upcoming visit to China later this month. Prime Minister Sharif appreciated IBI Group&rsquo;s decision to establish its Pakistan Digital Economy Headquarters in the country and expressed satisfaction over growing business-to-business cooperation between Pakistan and China. He said it was encouraging that the company intends to promote cooperation in the digital economy, investment facilitation, and industrial collaboration. Expressing confidence in Pakistan&rsquo;s economy, Xiaojun said IBI aims to help build the digital backbone for Pakistan&rsquo;s economic transformation. He said the establishment of the Digital Economy Headquarters in Pakistan would serve as a command center for digital transformation and provide significant opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises by connecting them with the Chinese market. The delegation&rsquo;s visit follows the Pakistan-China business-to-business investment conference held in Beijing in September 2025 during Prime Minister Sharif&rsquo;s visit to China. Federal Minister for Investment Qaiser Ahmed Sheikh, Federal Minister for Commerce Jam Kamal Khan, Federal Minister for IT and Telecom Shaza Fatima Khawaja, Federal Minister for Petroleum Ali Pervaiz Malik, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister Haroon Akhtar, SAPM Tariq Fatemi, and senior officials also attended the meeting.

IBI Beijing United Technology's President Qian Xiaojun tells Pakistan PM Shehbaz Sharif that Digital Economy Headquarters Pakistan will serve as a command center for digital transformation and provide significant opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Chinese e-commerce giant says IBI Pakistan to provide opportunities to SMEs

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan has re-entered international capital markets for the first time in four years, completing a privately placed Eurobond transaction that drew strong investor interest and was subsequently upsized, according to Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb. In a post on X (Twitter), the Finance Ministry reported that the minister shared those details during a meeting with the Ambassador of the European Union to Pakistan, Raimundas Karoblis, who called on Aurangzeb at the Finance Division in Islamabad. Aurangzeb described the Eurobond transaction as a reflection of improving economic fundamentals and a signal of Pakistan&#39;s broader reintegration into global financial markets. The minister stated the government is pursuing a diversified capital markets strategy, including future international issuances and innovative financing instruments designed to strengthen external buffers and ensure sustainable financing. During the meeting, the EU ambassador invited Aurangzeb to the High-Level EU&ndash;Pakistan Business Forum, scheduled for April 28, 2026, in Islamabad. The minister accepted, and is expected to deliver the keynote address at the opening plenary session. The session&#39;s theme is &quot;Pakistan Rising: Incentives, Reforms, and the Next Investment Frontier.&quot; Aurangzeb praised the European Union&#39;s role in convening international and domestic business representatives, describing such forums as a platform to present Pakistan&#39;s improving business climate and investment potential, and to foster business-to-business engagement. The minister also addressed broader economic priorities, including maintaining macroeconomic stability, strengthening foreign exchange reserves, and advancing structural reforms for sustainable and inclusive growth. He acknowledged the continued support of bilateral partners in reinforcing Pakistan&#39;s economic resilience. On trade, Aurangzeb expressed hope for continued progress under the GSP+ framework, calling it a central pillar of Pakistan&ndash;European Union economic relations. The meeting concluded with both sides committing to further strengthen Pakistan&ndash;EU economic ties and expand trade, investment, and business collaboration.

Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb (right) meets Raimundas Karoblis, ambassador of the European Union to Pakistan, during a meeting at the Finance Division on April 21, 2026. (Ministry of Finance/X)

Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb meets with the EU ambassador ahead of a high-level business forum as Islamabad courts fresh international investment.

Pakistan returns to global bond markets, eyes deeper EU investment ties

LAHORE: Rising global oil prices&nbsp;stemming from the <a href="https://www.pakistantv.com/article/usisrael-war-on-iran-day-11" target="_blank">war in the Middle East&nbsp;</a>have led Pakistan to implement emergency measures to protect its economy, with fuel costs and market volatility prompting authorities to act immediately. The crisis centers on the <a href="https://www.pakistantv.com/article/hormuz-crisis-as-iran-war-disrupts-global-oil-supply-and-fuel-prices" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" rel="noopener noreferrer">Strait of Hormuz</a>, through which roughly 20% of the world&rsquo;s oil supply passes. Oil futures surged 31%, with West Texas Intermediate briefly hitting $119.48 per barrel and Brent at $119.50. This marks the first time prices have crossed $100 since the Russian-Ukrainian War started in 2022. The spike follows escalating tensions in the Middle East, which forced Gulf producers to cut output. This prompted some commercial vessels to avoid the strait. With only a limited number of tankers initially transiting the strait, there were fears of major supply disruptions. Prices eased after a G7 meeting suggested coordinated measures, including the release of strategic reserves, and after US President Donald Trump said the conflict could conclude sooner than expected, CBS News reported. By Monday&rsquo;s close, WTI settled at $94.77 and Brent at $98.96 per barrel. Markets rebound Pakistan&rsquo;s financial markets reflected investor anxiety. The Pakistan Stock Exchange suffered its largest single-day drop on March 2, falling more than 16,000 points, according to Topline Securities. On March 9, the index fell by over 11,000 points after attacks on Iranian oil depots in Tehran. However, after Monday&#39;s panic tone, the local bourse witnessed a powerful comeback on Tuesday as confidence quickly returned to the market. The bulls charged aggressively from the opening bell, triggering a temporary market halt amid intense buying activity. Momentum remained strong throughout the session, pushing the index to an impressive intraday surge of 11,873 points, before settling at 156,177 (up 9,696 points or 6.62%). The market followed its Asian peers, which rebounded after oil prices plunged overnight. Some analysts see further signs of stabilization. Arif Habib Limited said global sentiment may be approaching a &ldquo;peak fear&rdquo; phase. &ldquo;Globally, it appears we are reaching &lsquo;peak fear&rsquo; moments and any positive news regarding the conflict will result in markets aggressively repricing higher,&rdquo; the brokerage said in its note. The firm stated that with the index down about 25% from its January peak, valuations may begin to attract long-term investors if geopolitical tensions ease. Domestic fuel prices Rising global oil prices have translated into higher domestic costs. Pakistan increased fuel prices by roughly 20% last week. Economists warned of ripple effects. Waqas Ghani of JS Global, speaking to Pakistan TV Digital, said a $10 per barrel increase could add $300 million immediately to the import bill and raise annual costs to up to $2 billion. Inflation could rise by about 0.6 percentage points. Economist Dr Ikram ul Haq, speaking to Pakistan TV Digital, noted the effect on transportation and essential goods, especially diesel-dependent logistics. He also cited Pakistan&rsquo;s reliance on petroleum levies and the broader fiscal implications of prolonged high oil prices, which could put pressure on foreign exchange reserves. Securing alternative supplies Pakistan has sought alternative energy sources. Saudi Arabia assured crude shipments via the Port of Yanbu on the Red Sea, bypassing the Strait of Hormuz. Petroleum Minister Pervaiz Malik said three shipments are expected soon, with one vessel already assured for crude loading at Yanbu. Energy analysts say the arrangement will help reduce the risk of supply disruptions. &ldquo;This arrangement will improve supply security,&rdquo; Ghani said. &ldquo;This move has allowed Pakistan to avoid disruption risk.&rdquo; Protecting trade, reducing consumption The Pakistan Navy launched Operation Muhafiz-ul-Bahr to safeguard maritime trade routes, the military said. The government also implemented austerity measures to reduce fuel consumption. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif <a href="https://www.pakistantv.com/article/pakistan-announces-austerity-measures-as-oil-supply-disrupted-by-middle-east-clashes" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" rel="noopener noreferrer">announced</a> a four-day workweek and work-from-home arrangements for half of the public and private-sector staff. Fuel allocations for government vehicles will be cut 50% for two months. Ministers will forgo salaries, parliamentarians will take a 25% cut, and senior officers will lose two days of pay. Schools will close for two weeks, universities will shift to online instruction, departmental spending will drop by 20%, official foreign travel will be suspended, and vehicle purchases will be banned. PM Sharif said the steps aim to shield citizens from the worst impact of rising oil prices. Meanwhile, the State Bank of Pakistan kept its policy rate at 10.5%, citing uncertainty from the Middle East conflict. The Monetary Policy Committee said higher fuel, freight, and insurance costs, along with trade and travel disruptions, could affect the economy depending on the conflict&rsquo;s intensity and duration. Officials stated that immediate measures are meant to cushion the economy. The long-term impact will depend on easing tensions in the Gulf and on global oil market stability.

Pakistan's stock market saw Monday's volatility with an 11,000-point drop amid Middle East war oil fears, but Tuesday brought a strong rebound, closing up 9,696 points (6.62%) at 156,177, as confidence returned and oil prices plunged.

Pakistan acts to shield economy amid Middle East oil crisis

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb said Thursday that Pakistan holds sufficient reserves and supply arrangements to manage potential economic fallout from regional developments, the Finance Ministry reported.&nbsp; During a meeting with British High Commissioner Jane Marriott, Aurangzeb detailed the government&rsquo;s strategy for stabilizing the economy. He stated that Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif recently formed a high-level committee to monitor global commodity markets and energy supplies daily. This group includes members from federal ministries and the State Bank of Pakistan. The committee tracks price movements and potential disruptions in crude oil, coal, gas, and petroleum products. Officials are also assessing how these factors impact inflation and financial stability. Aurangzeb stated the government is performing sensitivity analysis and scenario planning to address a prolonged regional crisis. The finance minister said energy conservation measures are currently under review. The Finance Ministry is coordinating with provincial authorities to manage resources and prevent market panic. Aurangzeb provided an update on Pakistan&rsquo;s engagement with the International Monetary Fund.&nbsp; He stated the government remains committed to meeting program benchmarks. Current efforts focus on tax policy, revenue mobilization, and institutional transparency. The government aims to broaden the tax base through data-driven enforcement. Economic indicators show signs of recovery. Growth reached 3.7% in the first quarter of the current fiscal year. Large-scale manufacturing and the agriculture sector contributed to this improvement. Aurangzeb said the focus is now transitioning from stabilization to sustainable growth. The British High Commissioner acknowledged the government&rsquo;s reform efforts and detailed the United Kingdom&rsquo;s support for Pakistan&rsquo;s macroeconomic stability. The discussion also covered investor confidence in the mining and minerals sectors. Both sides agreed on the importance of good governance to attract international investment. The meeting concluded with both officials pledging to strengthen bilateral economic cooperation.

Highlighting the government’s proactive measures to manage potential economic impacts amid evolving regional developments, Pakistan's Finance Minister said that the country has adequate reserves and supply arrangements.

Articles tagged with "Pakistan Economy"

What Pakistan's budget actually means for your wallet

In Beijing, Pakistan declares Panda Bond ‘beginning of new chapter’

Chinese e-commerce giant says IBI Pakistan to provide opportunities to SMEs

Pakistan returns to global bond markets, eyes deeper EU investment ties

Pakistan acts to shield economy amid Middle East oil crisis

Pakistan maintains strong reserves to counter regional market disruptions: Finance minister

What Pakistan's budget actually means for your wallet